U7 1890 - 1945: War, Boom, Bust, War

Flashcard deck · A.P. U.S. History · 1890 - 1945 - War, Boom, Bust, War · History

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Flashcards covering the Spanish-American War, WWI, the Great Depression, WWII, and figures like Du Bois, Carnegie, and Lili'uokalani for AP US History.

Terms in this deck

Sedition Act: 1918 law extending the Espionage Act to punish speech critical of the U.S. government or war effort.
Mahan, Alfred Thayer: Naval strategist who argued sea power was essential to U.S. global dominance; influenced American expansionism in the 1890s.
Progressives: Early 20th-century reformers who sought political, economic, and social improvements through greater government intervention.
Anti-Imperialist League: Organization founded by Andrew Carnegie and others opposing U.S. annexation of the Philippines; invoked self-determination.
Political corruption: Abuse of power by government officials; a key target of Progressive Era reformers who sought cleaner, more democratic government.
Immigration restriction: Laws such as the Emergency Quota Act (1921) and Immigration Act (1924) limiting immigration based on national origin.
Espionage Act: 1917 U.S. law criminalizing interference with the draft or military operations; used to suppress anti-war dissent during WWI.
Spanish-American War: 1898 war in which the U.S. defeated Spain, gaining territories in the Caribbean and Pacific and emerging as a global power.
Fourteen Points: President Wilson's 1918 plan for post-WWI peace, including self-determination, freedom of the seas, and a League of Nations.
Beveridge, Albert: U.S. Senator who championed American imperialism, supporting annexation of Hawaii, Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
Carnegie, Andrew: Industrialist and anti-imperialist who opposed U.S. expansion into the Philippines, citing founding ideals.
Prohibition: Constitutional ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol (1920–1933); a major cultural and political controversy of the 1920s.
Strong, Josiah: Social Gospel leader who promoted imperialism using racial hierarchy and religious and economic justifications.
Du Bois, W.E.B.: African American scholar and activist who critiqued imperialism, linking it to racial exploitation globally.
Anti-imperialism: Opposition to a nation extending control over foreign territories; argued for self-determination and U.S. isolationist tradition.
Red Scare: Post-WWI fear of communist and radical political activity in the U.S.; led to crackdowns on immigrants and labor activists.
Twain, Mark: Author and anti-imperialist who criticized U.S. expansion in China and the Philippines through satirical writing.
Lili'uokalani: Last Hawaiian queen who protested U.S. annexation of Hawaii in a letter to President McKinley.
Annexation: The formal incorporation of a territory into an existing country, such as U.S. acquisition of Hawaii and the Philippines.
Self-determination: The principle that peoples have the right to determine their own political status and governance, free from outside control.
Philippine-American War: Conflict following the Spanish-American War in which the U.S. suppressed a Filipino nationalist independence movement.
Imperialism: A policy where a strong nation extends its power over weaker ones through economic, military, or political control.
Isolationism: U.S. foreign policy tradition of avoiding entanglement in foreign conflicts or alliances.
Progressive Era: Early 20th-century reform period when Americans pushed for greater government action to address corruption, inequality, and social problems.
Nativism: The belief that native-born citizens should be favored over immigrants; drove immigration restriction laws in the 1920s.
World War I: Global conflict from 1914–1918 in which the U.S. joined the Allies; intensified debates about America's role in the world.
Harlem Renaissance: 1920s cultural movement centered in Harlem celebrating African American art, literature, and music.
League of Nations: International peacekeeping organization proposed by Wilson after WWI; the U.S. Senate rejected U.S. membership.
Treaty of Versailles: 1919 peace treaty ending WWI; blamed Germany for the war and imposed reparations; the U.S. Senate refused to ratify it.
Great Migration: Large-scale movement of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities, especially during WWI and the 1920s.
Great Depression: Severe economic downturn beginning with the 1929 stock market crash; caused mass unemployment and social upheaval.
Japanese American internment: U.S. government's forced relocation of Japanese Americans to camps during WWII based on race and wartime fear.
Industrial economy: Economic system based on manufacturing and factory production; the U.S. transitioned toward this from a rural agricultural economy.
World War II: Global conflict (1939–1945) in which the U.S. and Allies defeated the Axis powers; transformed U.S. into a global superpower.
Yalta Conference: 1945 meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to plan postwar Europe and coordinate the final defeat of the Axis.
Fascism: Authoritarian nationalist ideology that rose in Europe (Italy, Germany) in the 1930s, leading to WWII.
Scopes Trial: 1925 Tennessee trial testing a ban on teaching evolution; symbolized conflict between modernism and religious fundamentalism.
American liberalism: Political philosophy supporting government intervention to protect individual rights and economic opportunity; redefined by the New Deal.
Consumerism: Culture of buying goods and services driven by advertising and easy credit; defined 1920s economic and social life.
Ku Klux Klan: Revived white supremacist organization that grew dramatically in the 1920s, targeting African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, and Jews.
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (FDR): 32nd U.S. president who implemented the New Deal to combat the Great Depression and led the nation through most of WWII.
Stock market crash of 1929: Collapse of stock prices in October 1929 that triggered the Great Depression and widespread financial ruin.
United Nations: International peacekeeping organization founded in 1945 by the Allied powers to promote global cooperation and prevent future wars.
Atomic bomb: Devastating nuclear weapon used by the U.S. on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, ending WWII in the Pacific.
Rosie the Riveter: Cultural icon representing women who entered the workforce in industrial jobs during WWII, symbolizing gender role changes.
Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941, surprise Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii that brought the U.S. into World War II.
Interwar period: Era between WWI and WWII (1919–1939) marked by isolationism, economic crisis, and rising global fascism.
Radio: New communication technology of the 1920s that spread news, entertainment, and advertising, fueling mass culture.
New Deal: FDR's set of programs and policies (1933–1939) responding to the Great Depression by expanding federal government's economic role.
D-Day: June 6, 1944, Allied invasion of Normandy, France; a turning point that opened a western front against Nazi Germany.
Neutrality Acts: 1930s laws passed by Congress to keep the U.S. out of foreign wars by restricting arms sales and loans to belligerent nations.
Welfare state: System in which the government takes responsibility for citizens' economic and social well-being; the New Deal created a limited U.S. version.
Mass culture: Shared cultural experiences created by new media like radio, film, and advertising; grew rapidly in the 1920s.
Urbanization: Growth of cities as Americans moved from rural to urban areas; accelerated by industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Axis powers: Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought against the Allied powers in World War II.
WWII mobilization: Process of converting the U.S. economy and society to support the war effort, including industrial production and military recruitment.
Allied powers: Alliance of nations including the U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union that fought against the Axis in World War II.

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